Gourt Home::Gourt :: All Souls Day
All Souls' Day (formally, Commemoratio omnium Fidelium Defunctorum or Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed), also called Defuncts' Day in Mexico and Belgium, is the day set apart in the Roman Catholic Church for the commemoration of the faithful departed. The celebration is based on the doctrine that the souls of the faithful which at death have not been cleansed from venial sins, or have not atoned for past transgressions, cannot attain the beatific vision, and that they may be helped to do so by prayer and by the sacrifice of the mass.
The feast falls on November 2 and follows All Saints Day. Traditionally, because Requiem Masses could not be celebrated on Sundays before Vatican II, the feast was transferred to November 3 if November 2 is a Sunday, but this is no longer observed in the Novus Ordo.
Christian origin
The practice of setting apart a special day for intercession for certain of the faithful departed is very old. But the first feast of general intercession was first established by saint Odilo, the fifth abbot of Cluny (d. 1048). The legend is given by Pietro Damiani in his Life of St Odilo. According to this, a pilgrim returning from the Holy Land was cast by a storm on a desolate island. A hermit living there told him that amid the rocks was a chasm communicating with purgatory, from which perpetually rose the groans of tortured souls. The hermit also claimed he had heard the demons complaining of the efficacy of the prayers of the faithful, and especially the monks of Cluny, in rescuing their victims. Upon returning home, the pilgrim hastened to inform the abbot of Cluny, who then set 2 November as a day of intercession on the part of his community for all the souls in purgatory. The decree ordaining the celebration is printed in the Bollandist Acta Sanctorum (Saec. VI, pt. i. p. 585). From Cluny the custom spread to the other houses of the Cluniac order, was soon adopted in several dioceses in France, and spread throughout the Western Church. In time the entire month of November became associated with prayer for the departed in the Western Catholic tradition. Nonetheless the 2 November retained a special status as a day set apart for that purpose.
Protestantism
At the Reformation the celebration of All Souls' Day was abolished in the Church of England, though it was renewed in certain churches in connection with the "Catholic revival" of the 19th century. The observance was restored with the publication of the 1980 Alternative Service Book, and it features in Common Worship.
Among continental Protestants its tradition has been more tenaciously maintained. Even Luther's influence was not sufficient to abolish its celebration in Saxony during his lifetime; and, though its Ecclesiastical sanction soon lapsed even in the Lutheran Church, its memory survives strong in popular custom. Just as it is the custom of French people, of all ranks and creeds, to decorate the graves of their dead on the jour des morts, so German people stream to the graveyards once a year with offerings of flowers.
Pagan roots
Certain popular beliefs connected with All Souls' Day are of pagan origin and immemorial antiquity. Thus the dead are believed by the peasantry of many Catholic countries to return to their former homes on All Souls' Night and partake of the food of the living. In Tyrol, cakes are left for them on the table and the room kept warm for their comfort. In Brittany, people flock to the cemeteries at nightfall to kneel bare-headed at the graves of their loved ones, and to toll the hollow of the tombstone with holy water or to pour libations of milk on it, and at bedtime the supper is left on the table for the souls.
See also
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: All Souls' Day
- American Catholic - Saints FAQs, All Saints and All Souls Days
Allerseelen | 死者の日 | Commemoratio Omnium Fidelium Defunctorum | Allerzielen | Dia dos fiéis defuntos
"All Souls Day"