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Alexander is a common male first name. It also occurs, less frequently, as a surname.
Origin
The name in English is taken from the Latin "Alexander," which is a Romanization of the original Greek nominative ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ (Alexandros). The genitive form in Greek is Alexandrou.
Etymologically, the name derives from alex-, the compound-form of alexis (from the Proto-Indo-European * *alek-), meaning "refuge, protection, defence," together with -andros, the compound form of andēr (from the PIE *ner-), the Greek word for "man." Thus it may be roughly translated as "protector of man." The term is either a rare type of "inverse tatpurusha" compound, with the modifier in second position (the cognate Sanskrit tatpurusha being *nararakṣa, cf. Ramayana 6.33.45; the exact Sanskrit counterpart would be *rakṣinara, from PIE hleks(i)-hnros), or a worn-down terpsimbrotos type compound, whose original verbal meaning was "he protects men".
The earliest reference to the name may be that to Alaksandu in the 13th century BC.
The name was one of the titles ("epithets") given to the Greek goddess Hera and as such is usually taken to mean "one who comes to the aid of warriors." In the Iliad, the character Paris is known also as Alexander. The name's popularity was spread throughout the Hellenistic world by the military conquests of King Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great (Μέγας Αλέξανδρος).
Variants
- Alexandros, Alexis, Alekos/Aleka (Greek)
- Alexandru, Alec, Alle, Alecu, Sandu (Romanian)
- Alejandro, Ale, Alejo (Spanish)
- Alexandre, Xan, Xander, Xandi (French)
- Alessandro, Sandro (Italian)
- Aleksandr (Александр), Sasha (Саша), Shurah (Шура), Shoorah (Шура) (Russian)
- Alexander (Swedish, Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian)
- Aleksander (Norwegian, Polish)
- Aleksanteri, Aleksi (Finnish)
- Aleksandar, Aleks (Serbian)
- Alen (Bosnian)
- Sándor (Hungarian)
- Alexandre, Alex, Xande, Xandi (Portuguese)
- Alasdair, Alastair, Alistair (Scots Gaelic)
- İskender (Turkish)
- Sander (Dutch)
- Iskandar, Skandar (Arabic)
- Sikandar (Urdu-Hindi)
- Eskender (Amharic)
- Aleš (Slovenian)
- Aleksandras (Lithuanian)
Monarchs
Antiquity
- Alaksandu, ca. 1280 BC
- Alexander of Pherae despot of Pherae between 369 and 358 BC
- Alexander I of Epirus king of Epirus about 342 BC
- Alexander II of Epirus king of Epirus 272 BC
- Alexander I of Macedon
- Alexander II of Macedon
- Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great), King of Macedon, 336–323 BC
- Alexander IV of Macedon
- Alexander Balas, ruler of the Seleucid kingdom of Syria between 150 and 146 BC
- Alexander Severus, (208–235), Roman Empire
Middle ages
- Alexander, Byzantine Emperor, (912–913)
- Alexander I of Scotland, (c. 1078 – April, 1124)
- Alexander II of Scotland, (1198 – July 6, 1249)
- Alexander Nevsky, (May 30, 1220 – November 14, 1263), Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir.
- Alexander III of Scotland, (September 4, 1241 – March, 1286)
- Alexandru cel Bun, voivode of Moldavia (1400–1432)
- Skenderbeg, (1405–1468), prince of Albania
- Eskender or Alexander, Emperor of Ethiopia (1472–1494)
- Alexander of Poland (1461-1506), king of Poland
Modern
- Alexander I of Russia, (1777–1825), emperor of Russia
- Alexander II of Russia, (1818–1881), emperor of Russia
- Alexander III of Russia, (1845 – November 1, 1894), emperor of Russia
- Alexander Karadjordjevic, (1842–1858), Serbian prince
- Alexander of Bulgaria, (1857–1893), first prince of Bulgaria
- Alexander John Cuza, prince of Romania (1859–1866)
- Alexander Obrenovich, (1876–1903), king of Serbia
- Alexander of Yugoslavia (1888–1934), first king of Yugoslavia
- Zog I also known as Skenderbeg III, (1895–1961), king of Albanians
- Alexander of Greece (king), (1917–1920), king of Greece
- Leka I, (1939—), king of Albanians (throne pretender)
- Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange
Religious leaders
- Alexander I, Pope, (pope 97–105)
- Alexander II, Pope, (pope 1058–1061)
- Alexander III, Pope, (pope 1164–1168)
- Alexander IV, Pope, (pope 1243–1254)
- Alexander V, Pope, (Peter Philarges ca. 1339 – May 3, 1410)
- Alexander VI, Pope, (1493–1503), Roman pope
- Alexander VII, Pope, (1599–1667)
- Alexander VIII, Pope, (pope 1689–1691),
- Alexander of Constantinople, bishop of Constantinople (314–337)
- Alexander (I) of Alexandria, Coptic Pope, Patriarch of Alexandria between 313 and 328
- Alexander II of Alexandria, Coptic Pope (702–729)
- Alexander of Lincoln, bishop of Lincoln
- Alexander of Ashby, 13th century prior and poet
Others named Alexander
Surname
- Caleb Alexander (d. 1828), clergyman, writer, teacher
- Christopher Alexander, architect.
- Dari Alexander, American news anchor.
- Douglas Alexander, British MP
- Edward Porter Alexander, (1835–1910), officer in the U.S. Army and Confederate States Army.
- F. Matthias Alexander, Australian actor/orator, founder of Alexander Technique.
- Harold Alexander, British Second World War general.
- Jason Alexander, stage name of American actor Jason Scott Greenspan.
- Jason Allen Alexander, ex-husband of Britney Spears.
- John White Alexander, (1856–1915), American artist.
- Manny Alexander, Major League Baseball infielder
- Samuel Alexander, (1859–1938) philosopher and essayist
- Sarah Alexander, British actress
- Shaun Alexander, NFL running back
First name
- Alexander (general), son of Polyperchon, the regent of Macedonia
- Alexander of Aphrodisias Greek commentator and philosopher
- Alexander of Greece (rhetorician), Greek rhetorician
- Alexander of Hales 13th century Medieval theologian
- Alexander, le Pargiter, 13th century abbot
- Paris (mythology), otherwise known as Alex, the Trojan prince who kidnapped Helen
- Petőfi Sándor, Hungarian poet
- Reményik Sándor, Hungarian poet
- Wekerle Sándor, politician, prime minister
- Weöres Sándor, Hungarian writer
Places
A number of places are also associated with Alexander:
- Alexander (town), New York, United States
- Alexander (village), New York, United States
- Alexander City, Alabama, United States
- Alexander River, New Zealand
- Alexander, Arkansas, United States
- Alexander, Iowa, United States
- Alexander, Kansas, United States
- Alexander, Maine, United States
- Alexander, North Dakota, United States
- Alexanderplatz, (central square), Berlin, Germany
Other
- Alexander, a summonable character in the Final Fantasy series of console roleplaying games.
- Alexander (film), 2004 film directed by Oliver Stone
- Alexander Aircraft Company, an aircraft manufacturer in Colorado in the 1920s and 1930s, named for its founder, J. Don Alexander
- Alexander (ship), a convict transport ship in the First Fleet to Australia in 1787
- Alexander (game), a PC game Published by Ubisoft based on the life of Alexander the Great
- Alexander the Great (film), 1956 film directed by Robert Rossen
- Alexander the Great (board game), a board wargame published by Avalon Hill
See also
Alexander | Alexander (Begriffsklärung) | Αλέξανδρος | Alejandro | Alexandre | 알렉산더 | Aleksandar | אלכסנדר (פירושונים) | Alessandro | Aleksandras | Alexander | Alexander | アレクサンダー | Aleksander | Alexander | Alexandre | Александр | Alexander | Aleksander | Alexander | 亞歷山大
"Alexander (disambiguation)"