Aarau is the capital of the Swiss canton of Aargau.Bridgwater, W. & Beatrice Aldrich. (1966) The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia. Columbia University. p. 11. It is predominantly German-speaking and Protestant. Aarau is situated in the valley of the Aar, on the river's right bank, and at the southern foot of the Jura mountains. It was founded in 1250 A.D. It was the temporary capital (1798) of the Helvetic Republic.

An ancient fortress, Aarau was taken by the Bernese in 1415, and in 1798 became for six months (March to September) the capital of the Helvetic Republic. Manufacture include bells, mathematical instruments, electrical goods, shoes, and other products.

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