is the 278th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (279th in Leap years). There are 87 days remaining.

Events

• 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1665 - The University of Kiel is founded.
• 1789 - French Revolution: Parisian women march to Versailles to confront Louis XVI about his refusal to promulgate the decrees on the abolition of feudalism.
• 1793 - French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.
• 1864 - The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die.
• 1869 - A strong hurricane devestates the Bay of Fundy region of Maritime Canada. The storm had been predicted over a year before by a British naval officer.
• 1877 - Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Perce band to General Nelson A. Miles.
• 1895 - The first individual time trial for racing cyclists is held on a 50-mile course north of London.
• 1905 - Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.
• 1910 - Portugal overthrows its monarchy and declares itself a republic.
• 1915 - Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
• 1921 - Baseball: The World Series was broadcast on the radio for the first time.
• 1930 - British Airship R101 crashed in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.
• 1936 - The Jarrow March sets off for London.
• 1944 - Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France.
• 1945 - Hollywood Black Friday: A six month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios.
• 1947 - The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman.
• 1949 - WSAZ, West Virginia's first television station, begins broadcasting in Huntington.
• 1953 - The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.
• 1953 - Earl Warren is sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1962 - The Beatles release their first single, "Love Me Do," in Britain.
• 1966 - Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor.
• 1969 - The first broadcast of Monty Python's Flying Circus.
• 1970 - PBS became a television network.
• 1970 - Montreal, Quebec: British Trade Commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.
• 1972 - The Last Goon Show of All goes to air on BBC Radio, one of the most celebrated and influential programmes in the history of radio.
• 1973 - Signature of the European Patent Convention
• 1974 - Guildford pub bombing by the IRA leaves 5 dead and 65 injured.
• 1974 - I Honestly Love You first reaches #1 on the Billboard charts, giving Olivia Newton-John her first top-selling single in the United States.
• 1981 - Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.
• 1984 - Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
• 1990 - After one hundred and fifty years The Herald broadsheet newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.
• 1991 - An Indonesian military transport crashes after takeoff from Jakarta killing 137.
• 1991 - The first official version of the Linux kernel, version 0.02, is released.
• 1999 - The Ladbroke Grove rail crash.
• 1999 - Angel premieres on the WB network.
• 2000 - Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Serbian strongman Slobodan Milošević. These demonstration are often called the Bulldozer Revolution.
• 2001 - Robert Stevens becomes the first victim in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
• 2001 - Tom Ridge resigned as Governor of Pennsylvania to become President Bush's Homeland Security Advisor.
• 2003 - Akhmad Kadyrov elected President of Chechnya.
• 2005 - NHL started its season to end a year-and-a-half lockout.

Births

• 1520 - Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (d. 1589)
• 1641 - Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, French mistress of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1707)
• 1658 - Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (d. 1718)
• 1695 - John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)
• 1703 - Jonathan Edwards, American minister (d. 1758)
• 1712 - Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)
• 1713 - Denis Diderot, French philosopher and encylopedist (d. 1784)
• 1715 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (d. 1789)
• 1717 - Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, French mistress of King Louis XV of France (d. 1744)
• 1781 - Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician and philosopher (d. 1848)
• 1795 - Alexander Keith, brewer (d. 1873)
• 1824 - Henry Chadwick, baseball writer and statistician (d. 1908)
• 1829 - Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (d.1886)
• 1878 - Louise Dresser, American actress (d. 1965)
• 1879 - Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970)
• 1882 - Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)
• 1887 - René Cassin, French judge, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1976)
• 1889 - Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (d. 1936)
• 1894 - Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (d. 1948)
• 1902 - Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (d. 1975)
• 1902 - Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (d. 1984)
• 1903 - M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (d. 1989)
• 1905 - Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (d. 1987)
• 1907 - Mrs. Miller, American singer (d. 1997)
• 1908 - Joshua Logan, American film director and writer (d. 1988)
• 1911 - Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
• 1917 - Allen Ludden, American television game show host (d. 1981)
• 1919 - Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)
• 1921 - Bill Willis, American football player
• 1922 - José Froilán González, Argentine race car driver
• 1922 - Bil Keane, American cartoonist
• 1922 - Jock Stein, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 1985)
• 1923 - Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)
• 1923 - Glynis Johns, British actress
• 1924 - Bill Dana, American actor and comedian
• 1925 - Gail Davis, American actress (d. 1997)
• 1926 - Willi Unsoeld, American climber (d. 1979)
• 1928 - Louise Fitzhugh, American author (d. 1974)
• 1929 - Richard F. Gordon, Jr., American astronaut
• 1930 - Anne Haddy, Australian actress (d. 1999)
• 1930 - Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut
• 1930 - Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1933 - Diane Cilento, Australian actress
• 1934 - Angelo Buono, Jr., American serial killer (d. 2002)
• 1935 - Diahann Carroll, American actress
• 1936 - Václav Havel, playwright and President of the Czech Republic
• 1937 - Barry Switzer, American football coach
• 1938 - Teresa Heinz Kerry, American philanthropist, wife of John Kerry
• 1941 - Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina
• 1943 - Steve Miller, American musician
• 1947 - Brian Johnson, American singer (AC/DC) after replacing Bon Scott's death in 1980
• 1948 - Tawl Ross, American musician (P Funk)
• 1948 - Zoran Živković, Serbian writer
• 1950 - Jeff Conaway, American actor
• 1951 - Karen Allen, American actress
• 1951 - Bob Geldof, Irish musician (The Boomtown Rats)
• 1952 - Clive Barker, English writer
• 1952 - Duncan Regehr, Canadian actor
• 1957 - Mark Geragos, American attorney
• 1958 - André Kuipers, Dutch astronaut
• 1958 - Bernie Mac, American actor and comedian
• 1960 - Daniel Baldwin, American actor
• 1962 - Michael Andretti, American race car driver
• 1963 - Caron Keating, Irish television personality (d. 2004)
• 1964 - Keiji Fujiwara, Japanese seiyu (voice actor)
• 1965 - Mario Lemieux, Canadian hockey player
• 1965 - Patrick Roy, Canadian hockey player
• 1967 - Guy Pearce, English-born actor
• 1970 - Agnes Barley, American artist
• 1972 - Grant Hill, American basketball player
• 1975 - Kate Winslet, English actress
• 1975 - Bobo Balde, Guinean footballer
• 1976 - J.J. Yeley, Nascar Nextel Cup Driver
• 1978 - Shane Ryan, Irish Gaelic Footballer
• 1978 - Morgan Webb, G4TV host and FHM columnist
• 1979 - Curtis Sanford, Canadian Hockey Goalie
• 1979 - Vince Grella, Australian footballer
• 1980 - Paul Thomas, American musician (Good Charlotte)
• 1983 - Nicky Hilton, American heiress
• 1985 - Nicola Roberts, English singer (Girls Aloud)

Deaths

• 578 - Justin II, Byzantine Emperor
• 877 - Charles the Bald (b. 823)
• 1056 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1017)
• 1112 - Sigebert of Gembloux, French chronicler
• 1214 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile (b. 1155)
• 1285 - King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
• 1528 - Richard Fox, English churchman
• 1540 - Helius Eobanus Hessus, German poet (b. 1488)
• 1564 - Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer
• 1565 - Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)
• 1606 - Philippe Desportes, French poet (b. 1546)
• 1714 - Kaibara Ekiken, Japanese philosopher (b. 1630)
• 1740 - Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar (b. 1721)
• 1791 - Grigori Potemkin, Russian statesman (b. 1739)
• 1805 - Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (b. 1738)
• 1813 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader
• 1837 - Hortense de Beauharnais Queen of Holland and mother of the Emperor Napoleon III of France (b. 1783)
• 1861 - Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (b. 1778)
• 1913 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
• 1918 - Roland Garros, French pilot (shot down) (b. 1888)
• 1930 - Christopher Birdwood Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson, British military officer (b. 1875)
• 1933 - Renée Adorée, French actress (b. 1898)
• 1933 - Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich, Russian general (b. 1862)
• 1936 - J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (tuberculosis) (b. 1898)
• 1938 - Saint Faustina Polish religious (b. 1905)
• 1940 - Ballington Booth, Salvation Army Officer and co-founder of Volunteers of America (b. 1857)
• 1941 - Louis Dembitz Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1856)
• 1943 - Leon Roppolo, American musician (b. 1902)
• 1950 - Frederic Lewy, German neurologist (b. 1885)
• 1969 - Walter Hagen, American golfer (b. 1892)
• 1976 - Lars Onsager, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
• 1981 - Gloria Grahame, American actress (b,1923)
• 1983 - Earl Tupper, American inventor (b. 1907)
• 1986 - Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (b. 1898)
• 1986 - James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (b. 1919)
• 1992 - Eddie Kendricks, American singer (b. 1939)
• 1993 - Jim Holton, Scottish footballer (b. 1951)
• 1995 - Linda Gary, voice actress (b. 1944)
• 1996 - Seymour Cray, American computer pioneer (b. 1925)
• 1997 - Brian Pillman, Professional Wrestler (b. 1962)
• 2000 - Catalin Haldan, Romanian football player (b. 1976)
• 2001 - Mike Mansfield, American politician (b. 1903)
• 2003 - Denis Quilley, British actor (b. 1927)
• 2003 - Dan Snyder, Canadian hockey player (b. 1978)
• 2003 - Timothy Treadwell, bear enthusiast featured in Grizzly Man (b. 1957)
• 2004 - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (b. 1921)
• 2004 - Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916)

Holidays

• Roman festivals - mundus patet: one of the three days that the mundus was opened for public.
• Portugal - Republic Day, celebrates overthrow of the Monarchy in 1910
• International World Teachers' Day ^*
• French Republican Calendar - Réséda (Mignonette) Day, fourteenth day in the Month of Vendémiaire

External links

• BBC: On This Day

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