Events

• Roman Republic
  • Consuls: Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior
  • The Great Roman Civil War commences -
    • January 1 - The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command.
    • January 10 - Julius Caesar leads his army across the Rubicon, which separates his jurisdiction (Cisalpine Gaul) from that of the Senate (Italy), and thus initiates a civil war. In response, the Roman senate invokes the senatus consultum ultimum.
    • February, Pompey's flight to Epirus (in Western Greece) with most of the Senate
    • March 9, Caesar advances against Pompeian forces in Spain
    • April 19, Caesar's siege of Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; the siege was conducted later by Caesarian Gaius Trebonius
    • June, Caesar arrives in Spain; seizes the Pyrenees passes against the Pompeians L. Afranius and M. Petreius.
    • June 7 – Cicero slips out of Italy and goes to Salonika.
    • July 30, Caesar surrounds Afranius and Petreius's army in Ilerda
    • August 2, Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar
    • August 24 - Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia (whom he defeated earlier in the Battle of Utica), in the Battle of the Bagradas River, and commits suicide.
    • September - Decimus Brutus, a Caesarian, defeats the combined Pompeian-Massilian naval forces in the naval Battle of Massilia, while the Caesarian fleet in the Adriatic is defeated near Curicta (Krk)
    • September 6, Massilia surrendered to Caesar, coming back from Spain
    • October, Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome

Births

Deaths

• Gaius Scribonius Curio (suicide)
• Xuan, emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty

49 BC

49 v.C. | 49 aC | 49 př. n. l. | 49 f.Kr. | 49 v. Chr. | 49 adC | -49 | -49 | 기원전 49년 | 49 p.n.e. | 49 aK | 49 SM | 49 a.C. | ძვ. წ. 49 | -49 | I. e. 49 | 49 SM | 49 v. Chr. | 49 AC | 49 f.Kr. | -49 | 49 p.n.e. | 49 a.C. | 49 î.Hr. | 49 до н. э. | 49 a.C. | 49 pr. n. št. | 49. пне. | 49 eaa | 49 f.Kr. | MA 49 | พ.ศ. 495 | 49 до Р.Х. | 前49年