264 BC

Years: 268 BC 267 BC 266 BC 265 BC - 264 BC - 263 BC 262 BC 261 BC 260 BC
Decades: 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC - 260s BC - 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC

The First Punic War between Rome and Carthage begins due to the Romans, under Appius Claudius Caudex, seized Messana upon the call of help by the Mamertines.
Temple to Vertumnus is built on the Aventine Hill in Rome.
Three pairs of gladiators face off in the first recorded gladiatorial combat, held at the funeral games in honor of aristocrat Junius Brutus Pera in the Forum Boarium.

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