23 BC

Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the eleventh time. His partner is Aulus Terentius Varro Murena.
Octavian relinquishes the position of consul, attains that of tribune of Rome and Princeps, or "First Citizen." (see Roman Empire).
The Nubians, led by queen Candace Amanirenas, take the initiative against the Roman Empire, and attack the Roman province of Egypt moving towards Elephantine.
Herod the Great builds a palace in Jerusalem and the fortress Herodian in Judaea. He also marries his third wife, named Mariamne, the daughter of high priest Simon.
The Roman writer, architect and engineer Vitruvius finishes writing De Architectura (known today as The Ten Books of Architecture), a treatise in Latin on architecture, and perhaps the first work about this discipline.
Ma'nu III Saphul becomes ruler of Osroene.
Following coinage reform, the as was struck in reddish pure copper, instead of bronze. The denominations of sestertius and dupondius were introduced as large bronze coins.
In response to Meroe's incursions into Upper Egypt, the Roman legions move south and raze Napata. (Early history of Sudan)

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