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The 20 mm caliber is a specific size of cannon or autocannon ammunition, commonly the smallest caliber which is unambiguously a cannon (or more commonly today, autocannon) and not a heavy machine gun.
There are relatively few weapons which have been built which fire projectiles between .50 caliber (0.50 inch/12.7 mm, roughly 12 mm caliber) and 20 mm caliber, though the 14.5 mm caliber was used by some Soviet machineguns such as the KPV and antitank rifles such as PTRS and PTRD.
A very small number of anti-tank rifles have been produced in 20 mm and up calibers.
20 mm caliber cartridges have an outside shell diameter and inside barrel diameter of 0.8 inch (20 millimeters). Projectiles or shells are typically 3 to 4 inches long (76 to 104 mm). Cartridges are typically 3 to 5 inches long (76 to 127 mm). Many but not all 20 mm shells have an explosive filling and detonating fuze.
Usage
Like most cannon ammunition, 20 mm caliber weapons are typically used against large targets such as vehicles, buildings, or aircraft. Though effective against individual soldiers, 20 mm ammunition is so large and heavy that its effects are nearly all wasted on relatively small targets. There are also legal questions regarding the use of explosive shells smaller than 1 lb (450 grams) directly against human targets.
Types of Ammunition
20 mm Weapons
Each weapon is listed with its cartridge type appended.
Current Weapons
- M61 Vulcan - 20x102
- M197 Gatling gun 20x102
- Oerlikon KAA - 20x128
- Rheinmetall MK20 Rh202 - 20x139
Historical Weapons
- Oerlikon FF - 20x72RB
- Mauser MG 151/20 - 20x82
- Oerlikon F, FFL - 20x100RB
- M39 - 20x102
- Hispano-Suiza HS.404 - 20x110
- Hispano-Suiza HS.804 - 20x110
- Hispano - 20x110
- AN-M2 - 20x110
- Mauser MG 213 - 20x135
- ShVAK
Cartridge type indicates the diameter of projectile and the length of the cartridge that holds it, for example 20x102 is a 20 mm projectile in a 102 mm long case. Only rarely do two designers use the same case length, so this designation is usually definitive. Some cartridge types have additional letters or information about them listed.
See also
External links
- FAS: 20 mm Cannon Ammunition
- ATK produced 20 mm caliber ammunition
- Rapid Fire: 20 mm Cartridge Data Table
- Rapid Fire: 20 mm Antitank Rifle Cartridges image
- Rapid Fire: 20 mm Autocannon Cartridges WWII image 1
- Rapid Fire: 20 mm Autocannon Cartridges WWII image 2
- Rapid Fire: 20 mm Autocannon Cartridges Post-WWII image
"20 mm caliber"