1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar.

Events

January—June

• January 20 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.
• February 20 - Ranavalona II, Merina Queen of Madagascar is baptized.
• March 1 - North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin
• March 4 - Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as President of the United States of America.
• April 8 - The American Museum of Natural History opens in New York.
• May - Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan.
• May 6 - Purdue University founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
• May 10 - Transcontinental Railroad completed at Promontory, Utah.
• May 15 - Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.
• May 26 - Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
• May 29 - British parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill ending public hanging
• June 15 - John Wesley Hyatt patents the first plastic, Celluloid, in Albany, New York.

July—December

• July 4 - University of Bucharest is founded.
• August 4/August 12 - The self-proclaimed, "Emperor Norton I of the United States" abolished both the Democratic and Republican parties.
• August 9 - August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht founded the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
• August 20 - Abergele Train Disaster - Irish Mail passenger train collides with cargo trucks loaded with paraffin - 33 dead; First major train disaster in Britain
• August 31 - Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate
• September 11 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument
• October 16 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.
• November 4 - The first issue of scientific journal Nature is published.
• November 6 - The first intercollegiate American football game is played. Rutgers defeats Princeton, 6 to 4.
• November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• November 23 - In Dumbarton, Scotland the clipper ship Cutty Sark is launched (it was one of the last clipper ships to be built, and the only one surviving to the present day).
• December 10 - First American chapter of Kappa Sigma founded at the University of Virginia.
• December 31 - Triple Alliance forces take Asunción

Unknown dates

• Basutoland becomes British protectorate
• British parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment
• Venancio Flores murdered in Montevideo
• Fire burns down about 75% of Hancock, Michigan
• Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42 year reign as Nizam of Hyderabad
• James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald, asks Henry Morton Stanley to go and find Dr Livingstone, despite him not being lost or in difficulty.
• The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans (Choshu, Tosa, Hizen and Satsuma) and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors, on reduced revenues.
• Invention of barbed wire, see ranching.
• H. J. Heinz Company established.
• Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
• "Michigan relics" appear
• Goldman Sachs and Co. was founded

Births

• January 1 - Sigma Nu, First Anti-Hazing Honor/Social Fraternity
• January 4 - Tommy Corcoran, baseball player (d. 1960)
• January 10 - Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)
• January 15 - Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
• February 11 - Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
• February 14 - Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
• March 3 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
• March 14 - Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
• March 18 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
• March 21 - Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer (d. 1932)
• April 2 - Hughie Jennings, baseball player (d. 1928)
• April 4 - Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
• April 8 - Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
• April 11 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
• May 5 - Hans Pfitzner, German composer (d. 1949)
• May 20 - John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
• June 17 - Flora Finch, English-born comedienne (d. 1940)
• June 27 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
• August 10 - Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
• September 3 - Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
• September 17 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
• September 23 - Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
• October 2 - Mohandas Gandhi, founder of the modern Indian state and proponent of nonviolence (d. 1948)
• October 25 - John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
• November 10 - Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader (d. 1927)
• November 11 - Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1947)
• November 22 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
• November 25 - Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta (d. 1949)
• November 30 - Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
• December 16 - Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace
• December 30 - Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
• December 31 - Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)

Deaths

• January 1 - Martin W. Bates, U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. 1786)
• January 30 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
• March 8 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
• March 24 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
• April 20 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
• June 16 - Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)
• June 20 - Hijikata Toshizou, 2nd commander of the Shinsengumi (b. 1835)
• October 13 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
• December 18 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)

Fiction

• December 24 - The events of the Doctor Who episode The Unquiet Dead occur.

External links

• 1869 Coin Pictures

1869

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