1849

1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).

Events

January 1
- France issues Ceres, France's first postage stamp.
- In Milan, anti-Austrian activists organize a smoking boycott in protest of the Austrian monopoly on tobacco. Protests erupts into brief riots.
January 12 - Uprising against Austrian troops in Palermo, Sicily
January 21 - General elections in the Papal States.
January 23 - Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her MD by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York, thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
January 31 - Corn Laws abolished in the United Kingdom.
February 8 - New Roman Republic established.
February 14 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
February 28 - Regular steamboat service from the west to the east coast of the United States begins with the arrival of the SS California in San Francisco Bay. The California left New York Harbor on October 6, 1848, rounded Cape Horn at the tip of South America, and arrived at San Francisco, California after the 4 month 21 day journey.
March 3
- End of Term for President of the United States James Knox Polk.
- Minnesota becomes a United States territory.
- The United States Department of the Interior is established.
- The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act allowing the minting of gold coins.
March 4 - Zachary Taylor refuses to be sworn in office on a Sabbath (Sunday). Consequently the office of President of the United States of America is vacant for a single day. Urban legend instead holds that David Rice Atchison, President pro tempore of the United States Senate was President de jure for a single day.
March 5 - Zachary Taylor becomes the 12th President of the United States of America.
March 28 - 4 Christians are ordered burnt alive in Antananarivo Madagascar by Queen Ranavalona I and 14 others are executed.
March 29 - The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab
April 1 - After ten days, the insurrection in Brescia is ended by Austrian troops.
April 2 - The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states end and fail.
April 13 – Hungary declares independence – Austria crushes the rebellion with Russian aid.
April 21 - Irish Potato Famine: 96 inmates of the overcrowded Ballinrobe Union Workhouse die over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high.
April 25 - The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
April 27 - Giuseppe Garibaldi enters in Rome to defend it from the French troops of General Oudinot.
May 3 - The May Uprising in Dresden begins - the last of the German revolutions of 1848.
May 3 - Break in the Mississippi River levee at Sauvé's Crevasse which will flood much of New Orleans, Louisiana
May 15 - Troops of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily
May 17 - The St. Louis Fire started when a steamboat caught fire and nearly burned down the entire city.
June 5 - Denmark becomes constitutional monarchy
July 3 - French troops occupy Rome. Roman Republic surrenders.
August 24 - Venice surrenders to Austrian troops after a 4-month siege
September 1 - The first segment of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Lewiston, Pennsylvania to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, opens for service.
October 6 - The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian War of Independence.
November - Austin College received charter in Huntsville
November 16 - A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, but his execution is canceled at the last minute

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