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1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).
Events
- April 30 - Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation (See Nicaragua's early history)
- May 26 - USA: Trail of Tears - forced relocation of the Cherokee tribe, killing 4,000.
- May - The People's Charter drawn up in the United Kingdom demanding universal suffrage.
- 1 August - Trinidad & Tobago: Slavery officially abolished
- 7 September - The paddlesteamer Forfarshire foundered on the Farne Islands, UK, giving rise to the fame of Grace Darling, who rescued nine passengers.
- November 3 India: The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded. This paper was later renamed to The Times of India in 1861
- November 5 - Central American Civil War begins with Honduras' separation from the Central American Federation.
- Pastry War: Mexico invaded by French forces
- Yucatan declares independence from Mexico
- First British-Afghan War begins
- Proteins discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius
- Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
- Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.
- Regular Atlantic steamship service begins with the SS Great Western
Births
- January 4 - General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883)
- January 6 - Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
- January 16 - Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
- February 6 - Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
- February 10 - Gustav Oelwein, founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
- February 16 - Henry Adams, American historian (d. 1918)
- February 18 - Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
- March 3 - George William Hill, American astronomer (d. 1914)
- April 3 - John Willis Menard, African-American politician (d. 1893)
- April 8 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917)
- April 16 - Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
- April 28 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913)
- April 21 - John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914)
- May 10 - John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin (d. 1865)
- May 20 - Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
- September 2 - Liliuokalani of Hawai'i, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
- October 6 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
- October 25 - Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
- October 31 - King Luis I of Portugal (d. 1889)
- November 7 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
- November 13 - Joseph Fielding Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1918)
- December 19 - Khedrup Gyatso, eleventh Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
- December 20 - Edwin Abbott Abbott, theologian and author (d. 1926)
- December 30 - Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d. 1929)
Month/day unknown
- Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
- John S. Billings,M.D., American military and medical leader (d. 1913)
Deaths
- January 5 - Anthony Van Egmond, A Rebel leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 {died in jail}
- May 17 - Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French diplomat (b. 1754)
- August 21 - Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (b. 1781)
- September 1 - William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770)
- November 21 - Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (b. 1770)
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"1838"