1737

12 February — The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated in Naples, Italy.
May 28 — The planet Venus passed in front of Mercury. The event is witnessed during the evening hours by the amateur astronomer John Bevis at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. As of 2005, it is still the only such planet/planet occultation that has been directly observed.
June 30 - Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739: Russian forces under Field Marshal Munnich storm the Ottoman fortress of Ochakov and take prisoner 4,000 Turks.
October 7 — A tropical cyclone strikes Bengal, India killing approximately 300,000.
Benjamin Franklin created the Philadelphia police force - the first city-paid force.
In Britain the Theatrical Licensing Act requires plays to be submitted to the Lord Chamberlain for censorship.
Georg August University of Göttingen Founded
The direct male line of the Medici family becomes extinct
Richmond, Virginia founded
Austro-Turkish War begins
Our Lady of Guadalupe is designated the patron saint of Mexico City
The oldest existing English language newspaper in the world, The (Belfast) News Letter founded in Ireland
Lancaster County Prison is first constructed
North Adams, Massachusetts first settled
New Salem, Massachusetts first settled
Hardwick, Massachusetts first settled
Westminster, Massachusetts first settled

January 23 - John Hancock, American statesman and revolutionary (d. 1793)
January 29 - Thomas Paine, American patriot and pamphleteer (d. 1809)
April 27 - Edward Gibbon, English historian (d. 1794)
May 20 - William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, British statesman (d. 1805)
September 9 - Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (d. 1798)
September 14 - Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
September 19 - Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. 1832)
December 26 - Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (d. 1815)
Frances Abington, English actress (d. 1815)
John Hunter, second governor of New South Wales (d. 1821)
Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician (d. 1772)
Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shogun (d. 1786)

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