Events

• January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia
• July 17 - In France, Marie-Madeleine-Marguerite d'Aubray, Marquise de Brinvilliers is executed for poisoning his father and brothers. Case also scares the king Louis XIV to start a series of investigations about possible poisonings and witchcraft, later called the Poison affair
• November 16 - The Nantucket Island Prison founded on Nantucket Island in the English colony of Massachusetts

• First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer
• Bacon's Rebellion
• Russo-Turkish Wars commence.
• King Philip's War between the settlers in New England and the indigenous tribes led by Metacomet.

Births

• May 8 - Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)
• March 17 - Thomas Boston, Scottish church leader (d. 1732)
• April 23 - King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)
• May 28 - Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (d. 1754)
• June 21 - Anthony Collins, English philosopher (d. 1729)
• July 3 - Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1747)
• July 14 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (d. 1763)
• August 26 - Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1745)
• September 19 - Eberhard IV Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1733)
• October 8 - Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Spanish scholar (d. 1764)

Deaths

• January 14 - Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (b. 1602)
• January 29 - Tsar Alexis I of Russia (b. 1629)
• February 14 - Abraham Bosse, French engraver and artist
• March 21 - Henri Sauval, French historian (b. 1623)
• April 5 - John Winthrop, the Younger, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1606)
• April 29 - Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruijter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)
• June 7 - Paul Gerhardt, German hymnist
• July 5 - Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish soldier (b. 1613)
• July 22 - Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
• July 25 - François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French writer (b. 1604)
• August 11 - Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German writer
• September 10 - Gerrard Winstanley, English religious reformer (b. 1609)
• October 28 - Jean Desmarets, French writer (b. 1595)
• November 1 - Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (b. 1589)
• December 25 - Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1609)
• December 25 - William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English soldier, politician, and writer (b. 1592)

1676

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