1583

Years: 1580 1581 1582 - 1583 - 1584 1585 1586
Decades: 1550s 1560s 1570s - 1580s - 1590s 1600s 1610s
Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century

1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

July - Spanish admiral Santa Cruz defeats the Portuguese, French, and English off Terceira.
August 5 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in what is now the city of St John's, Newfoundland, claims the island of Newfoundland on behalf of England.
August 19 - Petru Cercel enters Bucharest, and becomes Prince of Wallachia.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi commences construction of Osaka Castle in Japan.
King James VI of Scotland signs a charter creating the Tounis College - what is now the University of Edinburgh. For some unknown reason, the charter was dated a year earlier, as 1582.
First documented battle of India's independence against an European colonial ruler was fought by the Desais of Cuncolim in Goa against the Portuguese.
World's oldest, intact, still-surviving amusement park, Dyrehavsbakken was found.

Faysal

January 8 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (died 1643)
March 3 - Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (died 1648)
April 10 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (died 1645)
June 16 - Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (died 1654)
June 20 - Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
September 24 - Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
November 24 - Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
December 17 - Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (killed in battle) (d. 1642)
December 25 - Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (died 1644)
John Beaumont, English poet (died 1627)
Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (died 1652)
September - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (died 1643)
Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (died 1646)
Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (died 1636)
Stanislaw Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (died 1649)
Philip Massinger, English dramatist (died 1640)
Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (died 1663)
George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier (died 1663)
John Pym, English politician (died 1643)
Aurelian Townsend, English poet (died 1643)
Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)

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