1561

Years: 1558 1559 1560 - 1561 - 1562 1563 1564
Decades: 1530s 1540s 1550s - 1560s - 1570s 1580s 1590s
Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century

The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots.
Mary, Queen of Scots is denied passage through England after returning from France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19.
October 18 - Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima -- Takeda Shingen beats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
The first Calvinists settle in England after fleeing Flanders.
Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II.
St. Paul's Cathedral in London is badly damaged by fire.
Ruy López develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain.
Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia).
Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome
Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is finished (started in 1534)
Pensacola, Florida, the first European settlement in North America, and its support fleet were both destroyed by a hurricane. Two survivors managed to walk the long arduous journey to Mexico City. The city was not re-settled until 1698.

January 6 - Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (died 1656)
January 22 - Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist, and statesman (died 1626)
July 11 - Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish poet (died 1627)
August 20 - Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (died 1633)
August 24 - Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (died 1626)
August 25 - Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (died 1632)
September 29 - Adriaan van Roomen, Belgian mathematician (died 1615)
December 7 - Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (d. 1625)
December 9 - Edwin Sandys, English founder of the colony of Virginia (died 1629)
Jacopo Corsi, Italian composer (died 1602)
John Harington, English writer (died 1612)
Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (died 1631)

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