1294

Years: 1291 1292 1293 - 1294 - 1295 1296 1297
Decades: 1260s 1270s 1280s - 1290s - 1300s 1310s 1320s
Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century

December 13 - Pope Celestine V abdicates the papacy, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 7, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit. On December 24, Pope Boniface VIII is elected to replace him.
John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the Auld Alliance with France and Norway. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, to begin in 1296.
The Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier in King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.
Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs the Florentine cathedral Santa Maria del Fiore, better known smply as Il Duomo. He also begins work on the Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze, also in Florence.
England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.
The death of Kublai Khan allows the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, and the Yuan Dynasty of China) to formally become independent; they each had already been moving toward independence during Kublai's reign.

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