11th century

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. In the history of European culture, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages.

Overview

Events

1001, Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into Northern India; he finishes in 1027 with the destruction of Somnath.
Circa 1001, Vikings, led by Leif Eriksson, establish small settlements in and around Vinland in North America
1040, Duncan I of Scotland slain in battle. Macbeth succeeds him.
1054, the Great Schism, in which the Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern Orthodox churches separated from each other. Similar schisms in the past had been later repaired, but this one continues after nearly 1000 years.
1060, Norman conquest of Sicily
1065, independence of the Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal under the rule of Garcia
1066, Edward the Confessor dies; Norman conquest of England in the Battle of Hastings
1071, Defeat of the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert, ending 3 centuries of military and economic power
1076, Ghana Empire began break-up after capital (Kumbi) sacked
1085, Alfonso VI of Castile captures the Muslim city of Toledo.
1086, compilation of the Domesday Book

1094, El Cid, the great Spanish hero, conquers the Muslim city of Valencia
ca. 1095-1099, earliest extant manuscript of the Song of Roland
1099, First Crusade captures Jerusalem
King Anawrahta of Myanmar made a pilgrimage to Ceylon, returning to convert his country to Theravada Buddhism.
The Tuareg migrate to the Aïr region.
Kanem-Bornu expands southward into modern Nigeria.
The first of seven Hausa city-states are founded in Nigeria.
The Hodh region of Mauritania becomes desert.

Significant people

Empress Agnes
Alexius I Comnenus byzantine Emperor (lived 1048-1118; reigned 1081-1118)
Alp Arslan
Archbishop Anno II of Cologne
Saint Anselm, reputed founder of scholasticism and creator of the ontological argument
Basil II Byzantine Emperor (lived 958-1025; reigned 976-1025)
Canute
El Cid (Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar)
Pope Saint Gregory VII (Hildebrand)
Guido of Arezzo
Emperor Henry III
Emperor Henry IV
Konrad II
Leif Eriksson
Macbeth
Saint Robert, founder of the Cistercians
Stephen I of Hungary
Tunka Manin ruler of the Ghana Empire
William the Conqueror
Pope Urban II
Tāriqu l-Ḥakīm bi Amr al-Lāh, Sixth Fātimid Caliph

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Troubadours appear in what is now southern France.
Invention of military rockets by the Chinese
The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu is one of the first novels in the Japanese language.
The tittle was created.

Decades and years

11th century | Centuries

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Overview

Events

Significant people

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Decades and years