See 1 E11 s for more remote dates.

The 10th millennium BC marks the beginning of the Mesolithic, or Epipaleolithic time period, which is the first part of the Holocene epoch. World population is likely below 5 million people, mostly hunting-gathering communities scattered over all continents, and with the proto-Lapita migration also reaching the islands of the Pacific. Pottery, and with pottery probably cooking, was developed independently in Japan and North Africa. Agriculture begins to develop in the Fertile Crescent, but will not be practiced widely or predominantly for another 2,000 years. The Würm glaciation ends, and the beginning interglacial, which endures to this day, allows the re-settlement of northern regions.

Events

• Bubalus Period in the Sahara
• Europe: Azilian (Painted Pebble Culture) people occupy Spain, France, Switzerland, Belgium, and Scotland.
• Europe: Sami people occupy Scandinavia and intermarry with peoples already living in Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Russia.
• Europe: Magdalenian culture flourishes and creates cave paintings in France
• Norway: First traces of population in Randaberg
• Egypt: Early sickle blades & grinding disappear and are replaced by hunting, fishing and gathering peoples who use stone tools
• Asia: Cave sites near the Caspian Sea are used for human habitation.
• Japan: The Jomon people use pottery, fish, hunt and gather acorns, nuts and edible seeds. There are 10,000 known sites.
• Mesopotamia: Three or more linguistic groups, including Sumerian and Semitic peoples share a common political and cultural way of life.
• Mesopotamia: People begin to collect wild wheat and barley probably to make malt then beer
• Korea: First pottery appears, probably associated with the beginning of single location agrarian life.
• North America: Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherer societies live nomadically in the countryside.
• North America: Blackwater Draw forms in eastern New Mexico, evidencing human activity
• North America: Folsom people flourish throughout the Southwestern United States.
• North America: Settlement at the Nanu site in the Haida Gwaii of modern day British Columbia begins, starting the longest continual occupation in territory now belonging to Canada.
• The dog is domesticated.
• Persia: The goat is domesticated.

9560 BC: Taking Plato literally (assuming that his figure of 9,000 years before 560 BC was accurate and exact), the city-state of Atlantis sank into the ocean.

Circa 9,000 BC: Near East: First stone structures are built at Jericho.

Environmental changes

• North America: Dire Wolf, Smilodon, Giant beaver, Ground sloth, Mammoth, and American lion all become extinct.
• Bering Sea: Bering land bridge from Siberia to North America covered in water.
• North America: Long Island becomes an island when waters break through on the western end to the interior lake
• Homo floresiensis, the human's last known surviving close relative, becomes extinct.
• World: Sea levels rise abruptly and massive inland flooding occurs due to glacier melt.

Circa 9700 BC: Lake Agassiz forms.

Circa 9600 BC: Younger Dryas cold period ends. Pleistocene ends and Holocene begins. Paleolithic ends and Mesolithic begins. Large amounts of previously glaciated land become habitable again.

Circa 9500 BC: Ancylus Lake, part of the modern-day Baltic Sea, forms.

Millennia | 10th millennium BC

Xvet milved kt JK | 10 хилядолетие пр.н.е. | 10. årtusinde f.Kr. | 10. Jahrtausend v. Chr. | X milenio adC | Xe millénaire av. J.-C. | X millennio a.C. | I. e. 10. évezred | 10e millennium v. Chr. | 紀元前10千年紀以前 | X tysiąclecie p.n.e. | Décimo milénio a.C. | 10 тысячелетие до н. э. | 10. milenijum pr.n.e. | 9000-talet f.Kr. (millennium) | கிமு 10வது ஆயிரவாண்டு | 9000مقم