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The .357 Magnum revolver cartridge was created by Elmer Keith, Phillip Sharpe and the firearms manufacturer Smith & Wesson. Based upon their earlier .38 Special revolver cartridge, the .357 Magnum cartridge was introduced in 1934 and its use has since become widespread. The name Magnum refers to a super-sized bottle of champagne (containing 1.5 l of beverage and equivalent to two ordinary bottles of champagne).
Design
The .357 Magnum was designed for hunting, but was quickly adopted by police, who sought a cartridge with increased effectiveness against criminals in automobiles, and for self-defense use. Much credit for its development is given to hunter and experimenter, Elmer Keith. Keith's work in loading the .38 Special to higher and higher pressure levels was made possible by the availability of heavy, target shooting-oriented revolvers like the Smith & Wesson 38/44 "Heavy Duty" and "Outdoorsman", .38-caliber revolvers built on .44-caliber frames. While the .38 Special cartridge is limited to 16,500 c.u.p. (copper units of pressure), the .357 Magnum is loaded to 35,000 c.u.p. The objective was to create a handgun cartridge that combined deep penetration, flat trajectory, and long range. To prevent its possibly disastrous use in older, weaker .38 revolvers, the .357 Magnum case is 0.135 inches longer than the .38 Special case.
This cartridge is an excellent self-defense round; it still enjoys a reputation of being the gold standard of stopping power among handgun cartridges. Some of those who have used it have described a "struck by lightning" reaction in those hit with it. For big game, such as Artiodactyla and Ursidae (which have a sturdier build than humans), it is inferior to the .44 Magnum, .454 Casull, .41 Magnum and other bigger magnum rounds. Still, it is a fine small and medium game round and will kill deer very reliably at short range if used by a good shot. It has much more stopping power on game than the .45 Long Colt and the much flatter trajectory makes hits on small game much easier out to about 75 yards. It is a very versatile cartridge and can be used with success for self defense, plinking, hunting, or target shooting. .357 guns have the advantage of being able to use .38 Special ammo as well (with its lower cost, recoil, noise, muzzle flash, and, often, better accuracy), further extending their utility. It has also become popular as a "dual use" cartridge in short, light rifles, like the Old West lever-actions, and in a rifle the bullet will exit the barrel at about 1800 feet per second, making it far more versatile than the .30 Carbine or the 32-20 Winchester. In the 1930s it was found to be very effective on steel body armor, and metal-penetrating rounds were once popular in the United States among highway patrol and other police organizations. The .357 revolver has been largely replaced by modern, high-capacity semi-automatic pistols for police use, but is still very popular among outdoorsmen, security guards and other civilians. The .357 Magnum was a direct competitor with the .38 Super which was designed for semi-automatic pistols. The .38 Super can still give the .357 serious competition in barrels of equal length, but the .357 is more powerful especially as revolvers can have a long barrel that would be too clumsy for semi-auto designs.
In terms of accuracy, the .357 magnum has at least the same potential for precision shooting as the benchmark .38 special wadcutter round—indeed, a good .357 revolver will happily shoot .38 wadcutter ammunition and return good results. With tailored loads in a clean, sound revolver, wadcutter or semi-wadcutter target rounds (lead bullet, small charge of fast burning powder) will return groups of as little as 2 inches from edge to edge at a range of 20 yards with very little noise or recoil. Full power loads with good jacketed bullets and a heavy charge of a much slower burning powder can aspire to 2 1/2 inch groups with no great difficulty. It is this great versatility that makes a .357 revolver an excellent gun for many different disciplines, from 20 yard precision shooting to long range falling plate events. Being economical and consistently performing well in all but the weirdest of load configurations, it is an excellent place to start if one should consider handloading.
The .357 Magnum started the Magnum era of high velocity handgun ammunition.
A .357 Magnum revolver will accept both .357 Magnum and .38 Special ammunition, but a revolver designed for .38 Special will only accept those rounds, due to the longer overall length of a .357 Magnum cartridge. Despite the different numbers describing these cartridges, both fire bullets of the same .357 inch diameter. The .357 Magnum was designed longer than the .38 Special so it would not chamber in older guns made for the .38 Special round. This was done to avoid issues of liability. This backwards compatibility also means that shooters can purchase the slightly less expensive and gentler .38 Special ammunition for general target practice or plinking while retaining the full size .357 Magnum capability.
The .357 Magnum was an improvement over the old .38 Special Hi-Speed which was made for large-framed revolvers. The very beautiful 38/44 "Heavy Duty" revolver made by Smith & Wesson was one of these, and it still was made until 1964 or so when it faded into extinction in face of competition from the .357 Magnum which finally bested it in sales.
The .357 Magnum cartridge is not to be confused with the 357 SIG cartridge.
Performance
- Winchester 125 gr (8.1 g) Jacketed HP = 1450 ft/s (440 m/s), 583 ft·lbf (790 J)
- Winchester 158 gr (10.2 g) Jacketed HP = 1235 ft/s (375 m/s), 535 ft·lbf (725 J)
Synonyms
- .357
- .357 mag
- .357 S&W Magnum
- .357 Mangle'em (slang)
- 9x33mmR (European Designation)
See also
- 9 mm caliber
- .44 magnum
- 357 Sig
- List of firearms
- List of handgun cartridges
- List of rifle cartridges
External links
- Nazarian`s Gun`s Recognition Guide
- Coonan pistol - semiautomatic .357 magnum handgun
".357 Magnum"